{"id":588,"date":"2022-01-19T19:29:51","date_gmt":"2022-01-19T19:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/?p=588"},"modified":"2022-03-27T20:07:16","modified_gmt":"2022-03-27T20:07:16","slug":"binary-lighting-and-motion-blur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/binary-lighting-and-motion-blur\/","title":{"rendered":"Binary Lighting and Motion Blur"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"588\" class=\"elementor elementor-588\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-211baaaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"211baaaf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7bf74c55\" data-id=\"7bf74c55\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-814b222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"814b222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The selection of exposure time and lens aperture is dependent on lighting and motion blur. Too much exposure or aperture causes burnout and lack of detail in images. Too much motion blurs detail such that images aren\u2019t usable for computer vision operations such as calculating depth models from stereo.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2225e84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2225e84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pixel Value vs. Intensity, Time and Aperture<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d861542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d861542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The numeric value of each pixel in a camera\u2019s image is an integration of the intensity of light that reaches the pixel over the duration that the image is exposed. Intensity is governed somewhat by aperture because less light is admitted through a smaller aperture and more light is admitted through a larger aperture.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b072d75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b072d75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Binary Lighting Intensity on the Moon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-446ca6ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"446ca6ae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-689dbc09\" data-id=\"689dbc09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fca5720 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fca5720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Binary-Lighting.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-589\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Binary-Lighting.png 1006w, https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Binary-Lighting-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Binary-Lighting-768x581.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1006px) 100vw, 1006px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Mixed lighting and shadowing on the Moon is nearly binary (top).  Dark regions on the Moon are nearly black (bottom).  The only faint illumination is lighting by the rover as it takes this image. That lighting is only 1 W\/m2, orders of magnitude less than lunar sunpower, hence the image appears almost entirely black to the human eye. The image is nearly black to a camera unless long camera exposure or large aperture is utilized.  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64882c61\" data-id=\"64882c61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-549089b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"549089b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunlight illuminating the Moon doesn\u2019t pass through an atmosphere, so the Moon\u2019s brights are very bright.\u00a0 Since the light isn\u2019t diffused by an atmosphere, its shadow edges are very sharp and its darks are nea<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">rly black.\u00a0 Since illumination is either bright or truly black, terrain lit in a mixed manner is rather binary. This is very different from what we experience on Earth.\u00a0 The Earth\u2019s light passes through its atmosphere which (1) reduces its power from 1350 W\/m<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 to 1120 W\/m<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and (2) diffuses the light so that Earth\u2019s shadows are neither sharp-edged or truly black. Too long of an exposure in sunlit terrain will wash out regions of the image. Too short of an exposure in terrain having only weak rover-provided illumination creates images that are too dark to be interpreted.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b2e451 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b2e451\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1543cd\" data-id=\"c1543cd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fa2738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fa2738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Motion Blur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4401635 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4401635\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1279aaf\" data-id=\"1279aaf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e74e4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2e74e4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Motion-Blur-1024x225.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-590\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Motion-Blur-1024x225.png 1024w, https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Motion-Blur-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Motion-Blur-768x169.png 768w, https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Motion-Blur-1536x337.png 1536w, https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2022\/01\/Motion-Blur.png 1790w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Two images taken at 50 ms exposure. The camera is stationary while taking the left image resulting in a sharp image. The camera is sweeping through a turn while taking the right image. Whereas detail is sharp in the static image, detail is obscured by blurring in the right image. The blurring in the right image would be untenable for rover-relevant vision computations such as stereo.  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-538fb7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"538fb7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An autonomous rover\u2019s images must be sharp enough for its perception, visual odometry and stereo to succeed. A camera has to be still enough during exposure to snap sharp enough images. One approach to ensuring slow enough camera motion is to stop to acquire every image. This supports the \u201cstep-stop-image-move\u201d driving of early rovers, but doesn\u2019t support MoonRanger\u2019s ambition to stay in continuous motion. The challenge is to capture good-enough images on the fly without stopping after every control cycle to take images. Given that MoonRanger operates in continuous motion, camera exposure time must be sufficiently short to minimize blur.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The selection of exposure time and lens aperture is dependent on lighting and motion blur. Too much exposure or aperture causes burnout and lack of detail in images. Too much motion blurs detail such that images aren\u2019t usable for computer vision operations such as calculating depth models from stereo. Pixel Value vs. Intensity, Time and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/binary-lighting-and-motion-blur\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Binary Lighting and Motion Blur - MoonRanger<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/labs.ri.cmu.edu\/moonranger\/binary-lighting-and-motion-blur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Binary Lighting and Motion Blur - MoonRanger\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The selection of exposure time and lens aperture is dependent on lighting and motion blur. Too much exposure or aperture causes burnout and lack of detail in images. Too much motion blurs detail such that images aren\u2019t usable for computer vision operations such as calculating depth models from stereo. 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